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A freeze dryer or lyophylizer freezes material and then reduces the pressure and adds heat so that the frozen water is sublimated. Using manifold, batch, or bulk methods, freeze dryers dehydrate materials for optimum preservation and recovery. Incorporating a vacuum system, the machines extract water molecules by creating a lower pressure that will attract the molecules from samples. With rapid, yet safe cooling, the specialized equipment prevents possible cell damage from ice crystal formation. Freeze dryers have the advanced technology to modify eutectic pre-freezing and sublimation based on the specific specimen being concentrated. Avantor offers a wide range of freeze drying apparatus including fully automated ones.